Exam: TOEFL

Definition: Relating to a noun or something that has a solid and real existence; not imaginary or subordinate.

Example: The lawyer presented substantive evidence to support her case.

Definition: A word or group of words that acts as a noun in a sentence.

Example: In the sentence, 'The cat is sleeping,' the word 'cat' is a substantive.

Definition: In a way that is meaningful or significant, often relating to the essence or substance of something.

Example: The committee discussed the issues substantively, focusing on the core problems rather than minor details.

Definition: To convert a word or phrase into a noun form.

Example: In linguistics, we often substantivize adjectives to create new nouns.

Definition: Able to be replaced with something else or used in place of another item.

Example: In many recipes, butter is substitutable with margarine.

Definition: To take the place of something or someone else.

Example: In the recipe, you can substitute butter with oil if you prefer.

Definition: A person or thing that is used instead of another person or thing.

Example: The teacher had to find a substitute when she was sick.

Definition: To put or use one person or thing in place of another.

Example: You can substitute butter with oil in this recipe.

Definition: The act of replacing one thing with another, or the thing that is used as a replacement.

Example: The teacher made a substitution in the schedule to accommodate the guest speaker.

Definition: A layer or material that lies underneath something else, often providing support or a surface for growth or development.

Example: The scientist examined the substrate to understand how the bacteria were growing.

Definition: A part that supports a larger structure, often serving as its foundation or base.

Example: The engineers examined the substructure to ensure it could support the new building.

Definition: Relating to or located beneath a surface, especially under the ground or water.

Example: The subsurface layers of soil are important for plant growth.

Definition: Material that is located just below the surface of the ground, such as soil or rock that is not visible from above.

Example: The construction project required drilling into the subsurface to assess the soil conditions.

Definition: A smaller part of a larger system that has its own specific function or purpose.

Example: The control subsystem is responsible for managing the temperature in the building.