Exam: Cambridge English: C1 Advanced (CAE)

Definition: The movement of ions or liquids through a membrane or material when an electric field is applied.

Example: Electroosmosis is used in various scientific applications to control fluid movement.

Definition: Relating to the movement of liquid through a porous material when an electric field is applied.

Example: The electroosmotic effect is used in various scientific applications to control fluid movement.

Definition: A type of chemical substance that is attracted to electrons and can accept them during a chemical reaction.

Example: In organic chemistry, an electrophile can react with a nucleophile to form a new bond.

Definition: Relating to a type of chemical species that is attracted to electrons and can accept them during a reaction.

Example: In organic chemistry, electrophilic reactions are crucial for forming new bonds.

Definition: To subject a substance to a process that uses an electric field to separate charged particles, typically in a gel or solution.

Example: The scientist decided to electrophorese the DNA samples to analyze their size and purity.

Definition: A technique used to separate and analyze substances, particularly proteins, by moving them through a medium under the influence of an electric field.

Example: Electrophoresis is commonly used in laboratories to analyze DNA samples.

Definition: Relating to a process that uses an electric field to move charged particles through a medium, often used in laboratories for separating substances.

Example: The electrophoretic method is commonly used to analyze DNA samples.

Definition: A method used to cover the surface of a metal item with a thin layer of another metal using electricity, often to improve its appearance or protect it from corrosion.

Example: The jewelry was made more attractive through electroplating with gold.

Definition: To coat a surface with a layer of metal using an electric current.

Example: The factory uses electroplating to give the metal parts a shiny finish.

Definition: The process of using a high-voltage electrical pulse to create temporary openings in a cell membrane, allowing substances like drugs or DNA to enter the cell.

Example: Researchers used electroporation to introduce the new DNA into the cells effectively.

Definition: Having a tendency to give away electrons and form positive ions in chemical reactions.

Example: Sodium is an electropositive element that easily loses an electron to form a positive ion.