Exam: Cambridge English: C1 Advanced (CAE)

Definition: This term refers to anything connected to the early leaders of the Christian church and their writings.

Example: The patristic writings provide valuable insights into the beliefs of early Christianity.

Definition: The support or influence given by a person or group to a business, organization, or individual, often in the form of financial assistance or regular customers.

Example: The art gallery relies on the patronage of local businesses to fund its exhibitions.

Definition: A woman who supports or helps someone or something, often in a charitable or artistic way.

Example: The art gallery was funded by a generous patroness who loved supporting local artists.

Definition: The act of treating someone with an apparent kindness that betrays a feeling of superiority.

Example: His patronization made her feel belittled and unappreciated.

Definition: To support or sponsor someone or something, to go to a place as a customer regularly, or to treat someone in a way that shows you think they are less important or knowledgeable.

Example: She decided to patronize the local bookstore instead of buying online.

Definition: Showing a superior attitude towards others, often in a way that is disrespectful or belittling.

Example: His patronizing tone made it clear that he thought she was less capable than him.

Definition: To treat someone in a way that shows you think they are less intelligent or important than you are.

Example: He was accused of patronizing his colleagues during the meeting.

Definition: In a way that shows a superior attitude towards others, often implying that the person being addressed is less intelligent or capable.

Example: She spoke patronizingly to her colleagues, making them feel belittled.

Definition: Relating to a name that comes from the name of a father or male ancestor.

Example: In some cultures, children have a patronymic name that reflects their father's name.

Definition: A name that comes from the name of a father or male ancestor, often with a special ending added to it.

Example: In many cultures, children receive a patronymic name that reflects their father's name.

Definition: A small amount or number of something; a lack of something that is needed or wanted.

Example: The paucity of clean water in the region has become a serious concern.

Definition: The condition of being very poor or living in extreme poverty.

Example: Many people in the city are struggling with pauperism due to lack of jobs.