Exam: Cambridge English: C1 Advanced (CAE)

Definition: A tool used to measure how water moves through soil and to find out what substances are washed away with the water.

Example: The scientist used a lysimeter to study the effects of irrigation on soil drainage.

Definition: A substance that can break down or destroy cells, such as bacteria or red blood cells.

Example: Lysin is used in laboratories to study the effects of cell destruction.

Definition: The process of breaking down or destroying cells, often by a specific substance that affects the cell membrane.

Example: The lysis of the bacteria allowed the researchers to study their internal components.

Definition: A type of bacterium that has incorporated viral DNA into its own genetic material, allowing it to reproduce with the viral genes.

Example: The lysogen can pass on the viral DNA to its offspring during reproduction.

Definition: Relating to a type of viral infection where the virus integrates its genetic material into the host's DNA and can remain dormant before causing disease.

Example: The lysogenic cycle allows the virus to remain hidden within the host cell for a long time.

Definition: The state in which a virus is integrated into the genetic material of a host bacterium, allowing it to replicate along with the host's DNA.

Example: The lysogenicity of the bacteriophage allows it to remain dormant within the bacterial genome for extended periods.

Definition: The process by which a virus integrates its genetic material into the DNA of a host cell, allowing it to replicate along with the host's DNA without causing immediate harm.

Example: The lysogenization of the bacteria allowed the virus to remain dormant until conditions were favorable for activation.

Definition: To cause a virus to integrate its genetic material into the DNA of a host cell, allowing it to replicate along with the host's DNA.

Example: The scientist aimed to lysogenize the bacterium to study its genetic properties.

Definition: The process where a virus's genetic material combines with a bacterium's DNA, allowing the virus to be passed on when the bacterium divides.

Example: Lysogeny allows the viral DNA to be replicated along with the host's DNA during cell division.

Definition: A type of fat molecule that is made from lecithin and is involved in various biological processes.

Example: Lysolecithin plays a role in cell membrane structure and function.