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Exam: TOEFL

phonogram

IPA: /ˈfoʊnəˌɡræm/

KK: /ˈfoʊnəˌgræm/

noun

Definition: A written character or symbol that represents a sound or a word in a language, often used in phonetic alphabets.

Example: In linguistics, a phonogram can be used to illustrate how sounds correspond to written symbols.

phonograph

IPA: /ˈfoʊnəˌɡræf/

KK: /ˈfoʊnəˌgræf/

noun

Definition: A device that plays recorded sounds by using a needle that follows grooves on a spinning disc.

Example: My grandfather still has an old phonograph that plays vinyl records.

phonographic

IPA: /fəˈnɒɡrəfɪk/

KK: /fənəˈgræfɪk/

adjective

Definition: Related to the recording and reproduction of sound using a phonograph, which is a device that plays recorded music or sounds.

Example: The phonographic records from the early 20th century are highly sought after by collectors.

phonologic

IPA: /fəˈnɒlədʒɪk/

KK: /fəˈnɑlədʒɪk/

adjective

Definition: Related to the study of sounds in a language and how they are organized and used.

Example: The phonologic rules of the language determine how sounds can be combined.

phonological

IPA: /fəˈnɒlədʒɪkəl/

KK: /fənˈɒlədʒɪkəl/

adjective

Definition: Relating to the study of sounds in a language and how they are organized and used.

Example: The phonological rules of the language determine how sounds can be combined.

phonologically

IPA: /fəˌnɒl.əˈdʒɪk.li/

KK: /fənəˈlɑɡɪkli/

adverb

Definition: In a way that relates to the sound system of a language, including the rules and patterns of sounds.

Example: The words in this language are phonologically distinct from those in English.

phonologist

IPA: /fəˈnɒlədʒɪst/

KK: /fəˈnɑlədʒɪst/

noun

Definition: A person who studies the sounds of speech and how they are used in different languages.

Example: The phonologist analyzed the unique sound patterns of the local dialect.

phonology

IPA: /fəˈnɒlədʒi/

KK: /fəˈnɑlədʒi/

noun

Definition: The system of sounds used in a language and the rules that govern how those sounds are organized and used.

Example: Phonology helps linguists understand how different languages use sounds to create meaning.

phonotactic

IPA: /fəˈnoʊtæktɪk/

KK: /fənəˈtæktɪk/

adjective

Definition: Related to the rules that govern the possible combinations of sounds in a particular language.

Example: The phonotactic constraints of English prevent certain sound combinations from occurring at the beginning of words.

phonotactics

IPA: /fəˈnɒtæktɪks/

KK: /fəˈnɒtæktɪks/

noun

Definition: The rules that determine how sounds can be combined in a particular language.

Example: In English, the phonotactics do not allow certain sound combinations at the beginning of words.

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