Exam: IELTS

Definition: A system of governance where five leaders or governments share power and rule together.

Example: The pentarchy was established to ensure that no single ruler could dominate the others.

Definition: Relating to a musical scale that consists of five specific notes, often omitting the fourth and seventh notes of a standard scale.

Example: The song was composed using a pentatonic scale, giving it a unique sound.

Definition: Describing a chemical element or compound that has five bonds or valences.

Example: The pentavalent compound can form five different connections with other atoms.

Definition: A type of medication that acts as a sedative and is used to help with sleep or to relax patients before surgery.

Example: The doctor prescribed pentobarbital to help the patient sleep before the procedure.

Definition: A type of simple sugar that has five carbon atoms in its structure, including sugars like ribose.

Example: Ribose is an important pentose sugar found in RNA.

Definition: A chemical compound that consists of five oxygen atoms bonded to another element or group.

Example: Pentoxide is often used in various chemical reactions and processes.

Definition: Referring to the second to last item in a sequence or list.

Example: In the penultimate chapter of the book, the main character faces a crucial decision.

Definition: A partial shadow that occurs during an eclipse, where there is a mix of light and dark, or an area where something exists to a lesser degree.

Example: During the solar eclipse, the moon created a penumbra that cast a partial shadow on the Earth.

Definition: Relating to the outer part of a shadow, especially during an eclipse, where the light is partially blocked.

Example: During the lunar eclipse, the moon passed through the penumbral shadow, creating a subtle shading effect.

Definition: Describing someone who is very poor or unwilling to spend money; often associated with extreme frugality or stinginess.

Example: Despite his wealth, he was known for his penurious habits, rarely spending on anything unnecessary.