Exam: Cambridge English: C1 Advanced (CAE)

Definition: The process of turning organic materials into graphite, a form of carbon.

Example: The graphitization of coal can lead to the production of high-quality graphite.

Definition: Changed into a form of carbon known as graphite, which is soft and used in pencils and lubricants.

Example: The material was graphitized to improve its conductivity.

Definition: The process of changing some carbon in steel into graphite during heating.

Example: The graphitizing of the steel improved its strength and flexibility.

Definition: To convert a material into graphite or to treat it in a way that enhances its graphite-like properties.

Example: The process of graphitizing the carbon material improved its conductivity significantly.

Definition: A written form of a language that varies in style or usage, similar to how spoken dialects differ.

Example: The grapholect used in the official documents is more formal than the everyday language spoken by the community.

Definition: A person who studies handwriting to analyze a person's character or personality traits.

Example: The graphologist examined the letters to provide insights into the writer's personality.

Definition: The study of handwriting, particularly to understand a person's character or personality traits.

Example: She took a course in graphology to learn how to analyze people's handwriting.

Definition: An extinct type of marine animal that lived in colonies and is known from fossils, often used by scientists to help date ancient rocks.

Example: Scientists discovered a new species of graptolite in the fossil record, providing insights into ancient marine life.

Definition: Something that is given or done without any payment or reason; often unnecessary or unwarranted.

Example: The movie was criticized for its gratuitous violence.

Definition: In a way that is given or done without any payment or reason; freely and without justification.

Example: He gratuitously offered his help, even though it wasn't needed.

Definition: The quality of being given or done without charge or payment; something that is unnecessary or unwarranted.

Example: The gratuitousness of the service surprised many customers, as they expected to pay for such luxury.