Exam: Cambridge English: C1 Advanced (CAE)

Definition: To change a substance so that it becomes more alkaline, which means it has a higher pH level and is less acidic.

Example: The chemist decided to alkalinize the solution to improve its effectiveness.

Definition: To make a substance more basic and less acidic.

Example: The scientist decided to alkalise the solution to improve its effectiveness.

Definition: A type of organic compound that often has a bitter taste and contains nitrogen. These compounds are usually found in plants and can have strong effects on the body, sometimes being used for medicine or having toxic properties.

Example: Caffeine is a well-known alkaloid found in coffee and tea.

Definition: Relating to a group of natural compounds that often have strong effects on living organisms, commonly found in plants.

Example: The researchers studied the alkaloidal properties of the plant extracts.

Definition: Relating to a condition in the body where there is too much base (alkali) and not enough acid, which can affect the balance of fluids and electrolytes.

Example: The patient was diagnosed with an alkalotic condition due to excessive vomiting.

Definition: A type of chemical compound that consists only of carbon and hydrogen atoms, where the carbon atoms are connected by single bonds. These compounds are saturated, meaning they contain the maximum number of hydrogen atoms possible for the number of carbon atoms.

Example: Methane is the simplest alkane, consisting of one carbon atom and four hydrogen atoms.

Definition: A type of chemical compound that consists of carbon and hydrogen atoms, characterized by having at least one double bond between carbon atoms. These compounds are part of a larger group of hydrocarbons and are known for being unsaturated.

Example: Ethylene is the simplest alkene, consisting of two carbon atoms connected by a double bond.

Definition: A type of chemical compound that comes from an alcohol, where a hydrogen atom is replaced by a metal or another positively charged particle.

Example: Sodium alkoxide is commonly used in organic synthesis as a strong base.

Definition: Relating to a specific type of chemical group that includes an alkyl part connected to an oxygen atom.

Example: The chemist synthesized a new compound with an alkoxy group to enhance its solubility.

Definition: A type of chemical group that consists of an oxygen atom connected to an alkyl group, which is a group of carbon and hydrogen atoms. This group can act as a part of larger molecules in chemistry.

Example: The chemist used an alkoxy group to modify the compound's properties.

Definition: This term describes a type of organic group that is formed from alkanes, which are simple hydrocarbons. These groups have one less hydrogen atom than the alkane they come from, making them reactive in chemical reactions.

Example: The chemist used an alkyl group to modify the compound's properties.

Definition: A type of chemical group that is formed from an alkane by removing one hydrogen atom. It is often used in organic chemistry to describe certain types of molecules.

Example: The chemist synthesized a new compound containing an alkyl group.