Exam: Cambridge English: C1 Advanced (CAE)

Definition: Easily annoyed and often in a bad mood, especially over small things.

Example: The petulant child threw a tantrum when he didn't get his way.

Definition: In a way that shows irritation or annoyance.

Example: She petulantly refused to share her toys with her friends.

Definition: A type of virus that infects and replicates within bacteria.

Example: Scientists are studying how phages can be used to treat bacterial infections.

Definition: A type of cell in the body that can surround and take in harmful substances, like bacteria or waste, to help keep the body healthy.

Example: Phagocytes play a crucial role in the immune system by attacking and digesting harmful invaders.

Definition: Relating to cells that can engulf and digest particles, such as bacteria or dead cells.

Example: Phagocytic cells play a crucial role in the immune system by removing harmful pathogens.

Definition: To take in and digest another cell or particle by surrounding it and absorbing it, a process often used by certain cells in the immune system.

Example: White blood cells can phagocytize bacteria to help protect the body from infection.

Definition: Engulfed and taken in by a cell through a process where the cell surrounds and absorbs particles or other cells.

Example: The bacteria were phagocytosed by the immune cells to help protect the body from infection.

Definition: The process by which certain cells, called phagocytes, surround and take in particles like bacteria or other foreign substances, often leading to their destruction.

Example: Phagocytosis is an important part of the immune response, helping to eliminate pathogens from the body.

Definition: Related to the process by which certain cells engulf and digest particles or other cells.

Example: The phagocytotic cells in the immune system help protect the body from infections.

Definition: A phalange is one of the bones in the fingers or toes of the human body.

Example: The doctor explained that a broken phalange can be quite painful and may require a splint.