Exam: TOEFL

Definition: The practice of growing grapevines, especially for making wine.

Example: Viticulture is essential for producing high-quality wines.

Definition: A surgical procedure to remove the gel-like substance in the eye called the vitreous humor, often done to treat various eye conditions.

Example: The doctor recommended a vitrectomy to improve the patient's vision.

Definition: A process that changes a material into a solid that looks like glass and does not have a regular crystal structure.

Example: The vitrification of the clay made it strong and waterproof.

Definition: A type of sulfate that can be found in various metals, often used in chemistry, or a harsh and bitter expression of criticism.

Example: The politician's speech was filled with vitriol, attacking his opponents mercilessly.

Definition: To criticize someone or something very harshly, often in a bitter or angry way.

Example: The article vitriols the government's handling of the crisis.

Definition: Describing something that is very harsh, critical, or bitter in tone, often causing hurt or offense.

Example: The politician's vitriolic remarks about his opponent shocked many in the audience.

Definition: Describing language or behavior that is very critical and insulting, often used to express strong disapproval or anger.

Example: The politician's vituperative remarks during the debate shocked many viewers.

Definition: Full of life and energy; lively and spirited.

Example: She has a vivacious personality that makes everyone around her feel happy.

Definition: In a lively and animated way, full of energy and enthusiasm.

Example: She danced vivaciously at the party, bringing joy to everyone around her.

Definition: The quality of being lively, energetic, and full of enthusiasm.

Example: Her vivaciousness made the party much more enjoyable for everyone.

Definition: The quality of being lively, energetic, and full of life.

Example: Her vivacity made the party much more enjoyable for everyone.