vitriol
Upper-Intermediate (B2)
IPA: /ˈvɪtriəl/
KK: /ˈvɪtriəl/
noun
Definition
A type of sulfate that can be found in various metals, often used in chemistry, or a harsh and bitter expression of criticism.
Example
The politician's speech was filled with vitriol, attacking his opponents mercilessly.
Conversation
I can't believe how much vitriol some people have about the election.
Right? It's like they forget to be civil to each other.
Exactly! I just wish people could express their opinions without all that vitriol.
Me too! A little kindness goes a long way.
Synonyms & Antonyms
Synonyms
bitterness
acrimony
hostility
Antonyms
kindness
friendliness
benevolence
transitive verb
Definition
To criticize someone or something very harshly, often in a bitter or angry way.
Example
The article vitriols the government's handling of the crisis.
Tense Forms
Past: vitrioled
Past Participle: vitrioled
Conversation
Did you hear how they vitriol the new policy during the meeting?
Yeah, it was pretty harsh, but I understand their frustration.
I just think it could have been addressed more calmly instead.
Root Explanation
Vitriol comes from the Latin 'vitriolum' (meaning glass or a glassy substance), which is a diminutive form of 'vitrum' (meaning glass). The term originally referred to a type of glassy sulfate mineral, and over time it became associated with the corrosive acids derived from these minerals. Thus, 'vitriol' refers to a substance that is both glassy and caustic in nature.
Memory Tip
Think of 'vitrium' meaning glass, and remember that 'vitriol' refers to a glassy, corrosive substance.
Visually Confused Words
victrola