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Exam: TOEFL

projet

IPA: /prəʊˈʒɛt/

KK: /proʊˈʒɛt/

noun

Definition: A plan or idea that is being developed or worked on, often involving a specific goal or task.

Example: The team presented their project to the board for approval.

prokaryote

IPA: /prəˈkɛr.i.oʊt/

KK: /proˈkɛrɪoʊt/

noun

Definition: A type of simple organism that does not have a nucleus or other membrane-bound structures inside its cells, including bacteria and similar microorganisms.

Example: Bacteria are a common example of prokaryotes, which are essential for many ecological processes.

prokaryotic

IPA: /prəʊˈkær.iˌɒt.ɪk/

KK: /proˈkɛrɪˌoʊtɪk/

adjective

Definition: Relating to cells that do not have a nucleus, typically found in bacteria and similar organisms.

Example: Prokaryotic cells are simpler than eukaryotic cells and do not contain membrane-bound organelles.

prolactin

IPA: //proʊˈlæktɪn//

KK: /proʊˈlæktɪn/

noun

Definition: A hormone produced by the pituitary gland that helps in the production of milk in mammals.

Example: During pregnancy, the body increases the levels of prolactin to prepare for breastfeeding.

prolamine

IPA: /ˈproʊləˌmiːn/

KK: /proʊˈlæmiːn/

noun

Definition: A type of simple protein that is rich in proline and is typically found in the seeds of certain grains like wheat, rye, maize, and barley.

Example: Prolamine proteins are important for the nutritional value of many cereals.

prolapse

IPA: /prəˈlæps/

KK: /prəˈlæps/

intransitive verb

Definition: To fall or slip out of its normal position or place.

Example: The doctor explained that a prolapse can occur in various organs of the body.

noun

Definition: The condition where an organ or body part slips out of its normal position or falls down.

Example: After her surgery, she was concerned about the possibility of a prolapse.

proletarian

IPA: /prəˈlɛtəriən/

KK: /proʊˈlɛtɛriən/

adjective

Definition: Relating to the working class, especially those who do not own the means of production and must sell their labor to survive.

Example: The proletarian movement aimed to improve the rights and conditions of workers.

noun

Definition: A person who belongs to the working class, especially one who does not own the means of production and relies on selling their labor for wages.

Example: The proletarian class played a significant role in the labor movement.

proletarianise

IPA: /prəˈlɛtəriənˌaɪz/

KK: /proʊˈlɛtəriənˌaɪz/

verb

Definition: To make something proletarian, or to transform it into a working-class context or perspective.

Example: The movement aimed to proletarianise the arts, making them accessible to the working class.

proletarianize

IPA: /prəˈlɛtəriənaɪz/

KK: /proʊˈlɛtəriənaɪz/

verb

Definition: To change a person or group so that they become part of the working class, often losing their previous social status or economic power.

Example: The new policies aimed to proletarianize the middle class, making them more reliant on wage labor.

proletariat

IPA: /prəˈlɛtəriət/

KK: /proʊlɪˈtɛrɪət/

noun

Definition: A group of workers who do not own the means of production and must sell their labor to earn a living.

Example: The proletariat played a significant role in the labor movement during the 19th century.

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