Exam: GRE (Verbal)

Definition: Referring to the second to last item in a sequence or list.

Example: In the penultimate chapter of the book, the main character faces a crucial decision.

Definition: A partial shadow that occurs during an eclipse, where there is a mix of light and dark, or an area where something exists to a lesser degree.

Example: During the solar eclipse, the moon created a penumbra that cast a partial shadow on the Earth.

Definition: Relating to the outer part of a shadow, especially during an eclipse, where the light is partially blocked.

Example: During the lunar eclipse, the moon passed through the penumbral shadow, creating a subtle shading effect.

Definition: Describing someone who is very poor or unwilling to spend money; often associated with extreme frugality or stinginess.

Example: Despite his wealth, he was known for his penurious habits, rarely spending on anything unnecessary.

Definition: In a way that shows extreme poverty or lack of resources.

Example: He lived penuriously, always counting every penny and avoiding unnecessary expenses.

Definition: The state of being very poor or stingy, often characterized by extreme frugality or unwillingness to spend money.

Example: His penuriousness made it difficult for him to enjoy life, as he always worried about spending even a little money.

Definition: A state of extreme poverty or lack of resources, especially money.

Example: After losing his job, he found himself living in penury.

Definition: A system where people work for others to pay off debts, often in harsh conditions, or the state of being in such a situation.

Example: Many workers were trapped in peonage, unable to escape their debts.

Definition: A type of enzyme in the stomach that helps break down proteins into smaller pieces called peptides.

Example: Pepsin is essential for digesting the proteins in the food we eat.

Definition: A substance produced in the stomach that is changed into an active enzyme called pepsin when it comes into contact with stomach acid.

Example: Pepsinogen is secreted by the stomach lining and is essential for digesting proteins.