Exam: Cambridge English: C2 Proficiency (CPE)

Definition: Related to a disease caused by a lack of certain vitamins, especially niacin, which can lead to symptoms like skin problems, digestive issues, and mental disturbances.

Example: The doctor explained that the pellagrous condition could be treated with proper nutrition.

Definition: Related to punishment or laws that impose penalties for breaking rules.

Example: The judge imposed a penal sentence on the offender for his crimes.

Definition: To impose a punishment or a disadvantage on someone for breaking a rule or law.

Example: The school decided to penalise students who were caught cheating on the exam.

Definition: Describing someone or something that has been punished or subjected to a penalty.

Example: The player was penalised for breaking the rules during the game.

Definition: To subject someone to a punishment or disadvantage for breaking a rule or law.

Example: The player was penalised for committing a foul during the game.

Definition: The state of being subject to punishment or penalty.

Example: The penalty for breaking the law can be severe.

Definition: To make someone suffer a disadvantage or punishment for breaking a rule or law.

Example: The school decided to penalize students who were caught cheating on the exam.

Definition: In a manner that relates to punishment or penalties, often in the context of legal or judicial matters.

Example: The defendant was penalized penally for his actions under the law.

Definition: The condition of being in a state of waiting or being undecided, often related to a legal case or situation that is not yet resolved.

Example: The case is still in pendency, so we cannot make any decisions yet.

Definition: Related to the study of punishment and the management of prisons.

Example: The penological approach to crime focuses on rehabilitation rather than just punishment.

Definition: Describing something that is eligible to receive a retirement payment after a certain period of work.

Example: Many employees look for pensionable jobs to secure their financial future after retirement.