Exam: Cambridge English: C1 Advanced (CAE)

Definition: The process of converting a substance into carbon or a carbon-containing residue, often through heating in the absence of air.

Example: The carbonization of coal produces coke, which is used in steelmaking.

Definition: A type of chemical group or compound that contains a carbon atom double-bonded to an oxygen atom, commonly found in various organic compounds like aldehydes and ketones.

Example: The chemist explained how the carbonyl group is essential in the structure of many organic molecules.

Definition: A chemical reaction that adds a carbonyl group to a compound, often involving carbon monoxide.

Example: The carbonylation process is essential in producing various organic compounds.

Definition: This word describes something that is connected to or includes a specific group of atoms known as the carbonyl group, which consists of a carbon atom double-bonded to an oxygen atom.

Example: The chemist studied carbonylic compounds to understand their properties better.

Definition: A specific group of atoms in organic chemistry that consists of a carbon atom double-bonded to an oxygen atom and single-bonded to a hydroxyl group, making it a key component of organic acids.

Example: The carboxyl group is essential in the structure of amino acids.

Definition: A type of enzyme that helps in adding or removing a carboxyl group from a molecule during chemical reactions.

Example: The carboxylase plays a crucial role in the metabolic processes of plants.

Definition: A type of chemical compound that is a salt or ester derived from a carboxylic acid.

Example: Sodium carboxylate is commonly used in various chemical reactions.

Definition: To add a carboxyl group to a compound, which often results in the formation of a carboxylic acid.

Example: In organic chemistry, scientists often carboxylate compounds to enhance their reactivity.

Definition: Changed to include a carboxyl group, which is a functional group consisting of a carbon atom double-bonded to an oxygen atom and single-bonded to a hydroxyl group.

Example: The researchers studied the effects of carboxylated compounds on plant growth.

Definition: The process of adding a carboxyl group to a molecule, which is a functional group consisting of a carbon atom double-bonded to an oxygen atom and also bonded to a hydroxyl group.

Example: Carboxylation is an important step in the synthesis of various organic compounds.

Definition: Relating to a specific group of organic compounds that contain a carboxyl group, which is made up of a carbon atom double-bonded to an oxygen atom and also bonded to a hydroxyl group.

Example: Carboxylic acids are important in many biological processes.