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Exam: Cambridge English: C1 Advanced (CAE)

nucleolus

IPA: /njuːˈkliːələs/

KK: /ˈnjuːklɪələs/

noun

Definition: A small, round structure found inside the nucleus of a cell, made of protein and RNA, that helps produce ribosomes.

Example: The nucleolus is essential for ribosome production in eukaryotic cells.

nucleon

IPA: /ˈnjuːkliɒn/

KK: /ˈnjuːkliːɒn/

noun

Definition: A type of subatomic particle found in the nucleus of an atom, which can be either a proton or a neutron.

Example: In the nucleus of an atom, each nucleon contributes to the overall mass and stability of the atom.

nucleonic

IPA: /njuˈkliːɒnɪk/

KK: /nukˈliːɒnɪk/

adjective

Definition: Relating to the particles found in the nucleus of an atom, such as protons and neutrons.

Example: The nucleonic properties of the material were studied to understand its behavior under radiation.

nucleonics

IPA: /njuˈkliːɒnɪks/

KK: /njuˈkliːɒnɪks/

noun

Definition: The study and development of instruments related to nuclear research and the behavior of atomic nuclei.

Example: Nucleonics plays a crucial role in advancing our understanding of nuclear energy.

nucleophile

IPA: /ˈnjuːklɪfaɪl/

KK: /ˈnjuːklɪəfaɪl/

noun

Definition: A type of chemical substance that is attracted to positively charged parts of molecules and can donate or share electrons with them.

Example: In a chemical reaction, the nucleophile attacks the electrophile to form a new bond.

nucleophilic

IPA: /ˌnjuːklɪˈfɪlɪk/

KK: /ˌnjuːklɪˈfɪlɪk/

adjective

Definition: Relating to a type of chemical species that donates electrons to form a bond with another atom or molecule, often reacting with electron-deficient sites.

Example: In organic chemistry, nucleophilic reactions are essential for forming new compounds.

nucleophilicity

IPA: /ˌnjuːkləʊˈfɪlɪsɪti/

KK: /nukliˈfɪlɪsɪti/

noun

Definition: A measure of how reactive a chemical species is when it donates an electron pair to form a bond with a positively charged atom or molecule.

Example: The nucleophilicity of the reagent determines how quickly it will react with the electrophile.

nucleoplasm

IPA: /ˈnjuːklɪˌplæzəm/

KK: /ˈnjuːklɪˌplæzəm/

noun

Definition: The substance found within the nucleus of a cell, which contains the genetic material and is involved in various cellular processes.

Example: The nucleoplasm plays a crucial role in the organization and function of the cell's genetic material.

nucleoplasmic

IPA: //njuːklɪˈplæzmɪk//

KK: /nuklɪˈplæzmɪk/

adjective

Definition: Relating to the substance within the nucleus of a cell, where various cellular processes occur.

Example: The nucleoplasmic environment is crucial for the proper functioning of the cell's genetic material.

nucleoprotein

IPA: /ˌnjuːklɪˈproʊtiːn/

KK: /ˈnjuːklɪəʊˌproʊtiːn/

noun

Definition: A type of complex made up of proteins and nucleic acids, which are found in the cells of living organisms and are important for genetic material.

Example: Nucleoproteins play a crucial role in the structure and function of chromosomes.

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