Exam: Cambridge English: C1 Advanced (CAE)

Definition: A type of compound made up of a sugar and a base, which is important in the structure of DNA and RNA.

Example: A nucleoside is essential for the formation of nucleotides, which are the building blocks of DNA and RNA.

Definition: Relating to a structural unit of DNA and proteins that forms the basic unit of chromatin in eukaryotic cells.

Example: The nucleosomal structure plays a crucial role in the regulation of gene expression.

Definition: A structural unit of chromatin in the cell nucleus, made up of DNA wrapped around proteins called histones.

Example: The nucleosome plays a crucial role in the packaging of DNA within the cell.

Definition: The process of creating heavier elements from lighter ones, particularly hydrogen, inside stars.

Example: Nucleosynthesis occurs in the cores of stars where temperatures and pressures are extremely high.

Definition: Relating to the process by which new atomic nuclei are created, especially in stars.

Example: The nucleosynthetic processes in stars lead to the formation of heavier elements from lighter ones.

Definition: A type of enzyme that helps break down nucleotides into nucleosides and phosphoric acid by adding water.

Example: Nucleotidase plays a crucial role in the metabolism of nucleotides in the cell.

Definition: A type of compound that is made up of a sugar, a base, and a phosphate group, and is an essential building block of DNA and RNA.

Example: Nucleotides are crucial for storing and transferring genetic information in living organisms.

Definition: The central or most important part of something, often surrounded by other parts; it can refer to a core in various contexts like biology, astronomy, or botany.

Example: The nucleus of the cell contains the genetic material that controls its functions.

Definition: A specific kind of atom that is defined by its number of protons, number of neutrons, and energy state.

Example: Carbon-14 is a well-known nuclide used in dating ancient organic materials.

Definition: Something that has been made invalid or without legal force.

Example: The contract was nullified after the discovery of fraud.

Definition: To make something invalid or void; to cancel or invalidate an effect or decision.

Example: The new law nullified the previous regulations.