Exam: TOEFL

Definition: A chemical compound that is a salt or ester derived from citric acid, often used in food and beverages as a preservative or flavoring agent.

Example: The beverage contained citrate to enhance its flavor and preserve freshness.

Definition: A harmful substance made by certain types of fungi that can contaminate grains and other foods.

Example: Citrinin is known to be a dangerous toxin found in some moldy grains.

Definition: A large area where many people live and work, often with buildings, roads, and services like schools and hospitals.

Example: New York City is known for its iconic skyline and vibrant culture.

Definition: Relating to a city or its citizens, often concerning community responsibilities and rights.

Example: Participating in local elections is an important civic duty for all citizens.

Definition: In a way that relates to the duties or responsibilities of being a citizen.

Example: She participated civically by volunteering for the community clean-up event.

Definition: The idea or principle related to the organization and functioning of a civil government.

Example: Civicism promotes the importance of active participation in community and government affairs.

Definition: The study of the rights and responsibilities of citizens and how government works.

Example: In high school, students learn about civics to understand their role in society.

Definition: Relating to the rights and duties of citizens, or to the organization of society; often used to describe things that are not military or criminal in nature.

Example: In a civil society, people respect each other's rights and freedoms.

Definition: Relating to people who are not members of the military or armed forces; associated with everyday life and activities.

Example: She decided to wear civilian clothes instead of her uniform.

Definition: A person who is not a member of the military, police, or any armed group, and who lives a normal life in society.

Example: The civilian population was evacuated before the conflict escalated.

Definition: The process of making something more like a civilian or adapting it for civilian use.

Example: The civilianization of the military base allowed for more community involvement.