Exam: TOEFL

Definition: Describing something that avoids light or is sensitive to light.

Example: Some plants are photophobic and thrive in dark environments.

Definition: A special organ in some marine animals that produces or emits light, often found in deep-sea fish.

Example: The anglerfish uses its photophore to attract prey in the dark ocean depths.

Definition: Relating to vision that occurs in bright light, particularly when the eyes are adapted to such conditions, and primarily involves the cone cells in the retina.

Example: The photopic vision allows us to see colors clearly during the day.

Definition: A substance that is formed as a result of a chemical reaction involving light.

Example: The photoproduct formed during the experiment was analyzed for its properties.

Definition: A chemical reaction that is initiated or influenced by light.

Example: The plant uses photoreaction to convert sunlight into energy during photosynthesis.

Definition: The process by which living organisms detect and respond to light, important for vision in animals and growth in plants.

Example: Photoreception is essential for many animals to navigate their environment and for plants to grow towards sunlight.

Definition: Able to absorb and utilize light, particularly for sensing or detecting light.

Example: The photoreceptive cells in the retina help us see in different lighting conditions.

Definition: A type of cell or structure in the body that is sensitive to light and helps in the process of vision.

Example: The photoreceptors in the retina convert light into signals that the brain can understand.

Definition: A chemical reaction where a substance gains electrons in the presence of light.

Example: Photoreduction is an important process in photosynthesis, allowing plants to convert light energy into chemical energy.

Definition: A special type of film that changes when exposed to light, used in making patterns on surfaces like semiconductor chips.

Example: The engineer applied a layer of photoresist to the silicon wafer before etching the circuit design.