Exam: TOEFL

Definition: Referring to a time that has already happened or something that existed before now.

Example: She often thinks about her past experiences and how they shaped her life.

Definition: In a way that indicates movement beyond a certain point or location.

Example: She walked past the store without noticing it.

Definition: The time that has already happened, before now.

Example: She often reflects on her past and the choices she made.

Definition: This word is used to indicate a position or time that is beyond a certain point, either in space or in time.

Example: They walked past the memorial in silence.

Definition: A type of food made from unleavened dough, usually made from wheat flour and water, that is shaped and boiled. It can be served in various dishes, often with sauces or other ingredients.

Example: I love eating spaghetti, which is a popular type of pasta.

Definition: To insert text, images, or other data into a document or file.

Example: I will paste the copied text into the document.

Definition: A thick, smooth mixture made by grinding or mashing food, often used in cooking or as a spread.

Example: I added some anchovy paste to the sauce for extra flavor.

Definition: To attach something to a surface using a sticky substance or to insert data into a document.

Example: She decided to paste the pictures into her scrapbook.

Definition: To heat a liquid, usually food or drink, to a specific temperature to kill harmful bacteria and extend its shelf life.

Example: The factory will pasteurise the milk before packaging it.

Definition: The process of heating food or drinks to a certain temperature to kill harmful germs and prevent spoilage.

Example: Pasteurization is commonly used to make milk safe to drink.

Definition: To heat a liquid, usually food or drink, to a specific temperature to kill harmful bacteria and make it safe to consume.

Example: The factory will pasteurize the milk before packaging it for sale.

Definition: An activity that someone does for enjoyment during their free time.

Example: Reading is my favorite pastime on weekends.

Definition: Relating to the duties of a pastor or to rural life, often depicting a simple and peaceful countryside setting.

Example: The artist's painting captured the pastoral beauty of the rolling hills and quiet farms.

Definition: A type of artistic work that represents or celebrates rural life, often in a romanticized or ideal way.

Example: The novel is a beautiful pastoral that captures the simplicity of country living.

Definition: A type of dramatic performance or musical composition that focuses on rural themes or subjects, often seen in operas from the 16th and 17th centuries.

Example: The opera featured a beautiful pastorale that captured the essence of country life.

Definition: A way of life that involves raising and herding animals for food and other products.

Example: Many communities in the region rely on pastoralism for their livelihood.