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Exam: IELTS

periosteum

IPA: /ˌpɛr.iˈɒs.ti.əm/

KK: /ˌpɛrɪˈɑːstɪəm/

noun

Definition: A tough, fibrous layer that covers the outer surface of bones, except at the joints, and helps attach muscles and tendons to the bones.

Example: The surgeon carefully removed the periosteum to access the underlying bone during the operation.

periostitis

IPA: /ˌpɛr.iˈɒs.tɪ.tɪs/

KK: /pɛrɪˈɑstɪtɪs/

noun

Definition: A medical condition characterized by inflammation of the periosteum, which is a layer of tissue that surrounds bones.

Example: The athlete was diagnosed with periostitis after experiencing severe pain in his shin.

peripatetic

IPA: /ˌpɛrɪpəˈtɛtɪk/

KK: /ˌpɛrəˈpɛtɪk/

adjective

Definition: Relating to walking or traveling from one place to another, often used to describe a lifestyle or method that involves movement.

Example: The peripatetic lifestyle of the traveler allowed her to experience many different cultures.

noun

Definition: A person who travels from one place to another, often for work or study, or someone who follows the teachings of Aristotle.

Example: As a peripatetic, she enjoyed exploring new cities while working remotely.

peripheral

IPA: /pəˈrɪfərəl/

KK: /pəˈrɪfərəl/

adjective

Definition: Related to the outer part of something or not the main focus; often used to describe things that are less important or on the edge.

Example: The team focused on the main project, but they also considered some peripheral issues.

noun

Definition: A device that connects to a computer to add functionality, such as printing, storing data, or communicating with other devices.

Example: I bought a new printer as a peripheral for my computer.

peripherally

IPA: /pəˈrɪfərəli/

KK: /pəˈrɪfərəli/

adverb

Definition: In a way that is not central or main, but rather on the edge or outside of something.

Example: The issue was discussed peripherally during the meeting, without focusing on it directly.

periphery

IPA: /pəˈrɪfəri/

KK: /pəˈrɪfəri/

noun

Definition: The outer edge or boundary of an area or object, often referring to a region that is not central or main.

Example: The park is located on the periphery of the city, away from the busy downtown area.

periphrasis

IPA: /pəˈrɪf.rəsɪs/

KK: /pɛˈrɪf.rə.sɪs/

noun

Definition: A way of expressing something by using more words than necessary, often to avoid being direct or to add emphasis.

Example: The author used periphrasis to make the description more elaborate and interesting.

periphrastic

IPA: /pəˈrɪfræstɪk/

KK: /pəˈrɪfræstɪk/

adjective

Definition: Describing a way of expressing something using more words than necessary, often to avoid being direct or to add emphasis.

Example: The teacher explained the concept in a periphrastic manner, using many words to clarify the idea.

periphyton

IPA: /ˌpɛrɪˈfaɪtɒn/

KK: /pɛrɪˈfaɪtən/

noun

Definition: Organisms like algae and small crustaceans that attach themselves to surfaces in freshwater environments.

Example: The periphyton on the rocks provided food for the fish in the stream.

periplasm

IPA: /ˈpɛrɪˌplæzəm/

KK: /pɛrɪˌplæzəm/

noun

Definition: The area located between the plasma membrane and the outer membrane of certain bacteria, which contains enzymes and a layer of peptidoglycan.

Example: In gram-negative bacteria, the periplasm plays a crucial role in nutrient processing and transport.

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