Exam: Cambridge English: C2 Proficiency (CPE)

Definition: Relating to cells that have two or more genetically different nuclei within the same cell.

Example: The research focused on heterokaryotic cells to understand genetic diversity.

Definition: Relating to or derived from a different species or type, often used in biological contexts to describe cells or tissues that are not identical or normally found in a specific area.

Example: The researchers used a heterologous graft to study the effects of the new treatment.

Definition: In a way that is different or not similar to what is usual or expected.

Example: The cells were cultured heterologously to study their behavior in different environments.

Definition: The process where a compound breaks down into two oppositely charged particles or ions, often involving the action of enzymes or lysins from a different species.

Example: Heterolysis is an important reaction in organic chemistry that leads to the formation of ion pairs.

Definition: Describing something that is controlled or influenced by outside forces rather than being self-governing or independent.

Example: The heteronomous nature of the organization made it difficult for members to make their own decisions.

Definition: Describing a plant that has leaves of different shapes or sizes on the same stem or plant.

Example: The heterophyllous plant displayed a variety of leaf shapes, making it unique in the garden.

Definition: The occurrence of different leaf shapes on the same plant, often due to changes in the environment.

Example: Heterophylly allows a single plant to adapt its leaves to varying conditions, such as light and water availability.

Definition: Describing organisms that produce two different kinds of spores that vary in size and reproductive function.

Example: Many plants are heterosporous, meaning they produce both large and small spores for reproduction.

Definition: A biological term that refers to the condition where two different mating types are required for sexual reproduction in certain organisms, such as fungi and algae.

Example: Heterothallism is important for genetic diversity in some species of fungi.

Definition: The state of having two different alleles for a particular gene, which can affect traits in an organism.

Example: Heterozygosis can lead to greater genetic diversity in a population.