Exam: Cambridge English: C1 Advanced (CAE)

Definition: A type of cell created in a lab by combining an antibody-making cell with a cancer cell, which can grow and produce a specific type of antibody continuously.

Example: Researchers use hybridomas to produce large amounts of monoclonal antibodies for medical research.

Definition: A fluid-filled sac that forms in the body due to infection by a type of tapeworm larva.

Example: The doctor explained that the hydatid could cause serious health issues if not treated.

Definition: A type of acid that consists only of hydrogen and a halogen or pseudohalogen, without any oxygen in its structure.

Example: Hydracids, such as hydrochloric acid, are commonly used in laboratories.

Definition: Related to the movement or operation of fluids, especially water, under pressure.

Example: The hydraulic system in the car helps to control the brakes effectively.

Definition: In a manner that involves the use of liquid under pressure to create movement or force.

Example: The machine operates hydraulically to lift heavy loads with ease.

Definition: A type of chemical compound that is derived from hydrazine by replacing a hydrogen atom with an acyl group.

Example: Hydrazides are often used in the synthesis of pharmaceuticals and agrochemicals.

Definition: A colorless and corrosive liquid used mainly as a fuel in rockets and jets.

Example: Hydrazine is often used as a propellant in spacecraft.

Definition: A chemical compound that consists of hydrogen combined with another element that is more positive in charge.

Example: Sodium hydride is commonly used in chemical reactions as a strong base.

Definition: Relating to the study of aquatic organisms and their environments.

Example: The hydrobiological research focused on the effects of pollution in the river.

Definition: A scientist who studies living organisms in water, such as rivers, lakes, and oceans.

Example: The hydrobiologist conducted research on the effects of pollution on fish populations.