Exam: Cambridge English: C1 Advanced (CAE)

Definition: A tiny spore produced by certain bacteria that can survive in harsh conditions and can develop into a new bacterium.

Example: The bacteria formed an endospore to protect itself from extreme heat and dryness.

Definition: A living thing that exists inside the body or cells of another living thing.

Example: The endosymbiont provides nutrients to its host in exchange for protection.

Definition: A situation where one organism lives inside the body or cells of another organism, forming a close relationship that benefits both.

Example: The theory of endosymbiosis explains how certain organelles in cells, like mitochondria, originated from free-living bacteria.

Definition: Relating to a type of symbiosis where one organism lives inside the cells or body of another organism.

Example: The endosymbiotic theory explains how certain organelles in eukaryotic cells originated from free-living bacteria.

Definition: Relating to the thin layer of cells that line the blood vessels and organs in the body.

Example: The endothelial cells play a crucial role in maintaining vascular health.

Definition: A type of tumor that originates from the cells lining blood vessels or lymphatic vessels.

Example: The doctor diagnosed her with endothelioma after reviewing the biopsy results.

Definition: A thin layer of flat cells that forms the inner lining of blood vessels, lymph vessels, and certain body cavities.

Example: The endothelium plays a crucial role in regulating blood flow and maintaining vascular health.

Definition: Relating to organisms that produce their own heat to keep their body temperature higher than the environment, or to processes that absorb heat.

Example: Endothermic animals, like mammals, can maintain a stable body temperature regardless of the outside conditions.

Definition: The ability of an organism to generate and control its own body heat through metabolic processes, allowing it to maintain a stable internal temperature regardless of the environment.

Example: Birds and mammals are examples of animals that exhibit endothermy, allowing them to thrive in various climates.

Definition: Relating to or caused by a type of toxin that is found inside certain bacteria and can cause harmful effects when released.

Example: The researchers studied the endotoxic effects of the bacteria on the immune system.