Exam: Cambridge English: C1 Advanced (CAE)

Definition: The process of planting trees in an area where there were no forests before, or restoring forests in places that have lost them.

Example: The government launched an afforestation program to combat climate change.

Definition: A loud and violent fight or argument that happens in a public area, causing a disturbance.

Example: The police were called to break up the affray in the town square.

Definition: To cause someone to feel fear or alarm.

Example: The sudden noise seemed to affray the children playing outside.

Definition: A type of speech sound that starts as a stop and then quickly changes into a fricative. For example, the sounds at the beginning of the words 'child' and 'joy' are affricates.

Example: The sounds 'ch' in 'child' and 'j' in 'joy' are examples of affricates.

Definition: Relating to a type of speech sound that begins as a stop and releases as a fricative, creating a combined sound.

Example: The affricative sounds in the language include both a stop and a fricative component.

Definition: A type of speech sound that begins as a stop and releases as a fricative, often found in languages like English.

Example: The affricative sound in 'judge' is produced by first blocking the airflow and then releasing it with friction.

Definition: A direct and intentional act that offends or insults someone. It can also refer to behavior that shows disrespect or disregard for others.

Example: His rude comments were an affront to her dignity.

Definition: To insult someone on purpose, especially in a way that is obvious or direct.

Example: His comments were meant to affront her dignity in front of the entire team.

Definition: A process of pouring a liquid over something, often used in religious ceremonies like baptism.

Example: The priest performed an affusion during the baptism ceremony.

Definition: A group of harmful substances made by certain molds, particularly Aspergillus flavus, that can contaminate food like animal feed and peanuts.

Example: Aflatoxin contamination in peanuts can pose serious health risks to both humans and animals.

Definition: This word describes something that has been mentioned before in a conversation or text.

Example: The aforementioned points were discussed in the meeting.

Definition: This term refers to something that has been mentioned earlier in a conversation or text.

Example: The aforementioned points were discussed in the meeting.

Definition: A visual effect that remains in your sight for a short time after the original image has disappeared.

Example: After staring at the bright light, I saw an afterimage on the wall.

Definition: A type of carbohydrate that comes from seaweed and is commonly used as a gel in laboratory experiments, especially for separating DNA and proteins.

Example: Researchers often use agarose to separate DNA fragments during gel electrophoresis.