Exam: Cambridge English: C1 Advanced (CAE)

Definition: Relating to a condition in plants where leaves turn yellow due to insufficient chlorophyll, often caused by nutrient deficiencies.

Example: The chlorotic leaves of the plant indicated that it needed more nutrients in the soil.

Definition: Relating to a chemical compound that contains chlorine with a lower oxidation state than chloric compounds, particularly with an oxidation number of 3.

Example: The chemist studied the properties of chlorous acid in the laboratory.

Definition: A type of cell found in sponges that has a flagellum surrounded by a collar of cytoplasm, helping in feeding and water circulation.

Example: Choanocytes play a crucial role in the feeding process of sponges by creating water currents.

Definition: A medical imaging technique used to visualize the bile ducts after a contrast dye is injected, allowing doctors to see any blockages or abnormalities.

Example: The doctor ordered a cholangiography to check for any issues in the patient's bile ducts.

Definition: A hormone made mainly in the small intestine that helps digest fats by causing the gallbladder to release bile and the pancreas to produce digestive enzymes.

Example: Cholecystokinin plays an important role in the digestion of fats after a meal.

Definition: Someone who gets angry easily or is often in a bad mood.

Example: His choleric nature made it difficult for him to keep friends.

Definition: Relating to or affecting the neurotransmitter acetylcholine, especially in the nervous system, and having effects similar to those of acetylcholine.

Example: The doctor prescribed a cholinergic drug to help improve the patient's memory.

Definition: In a way that relates to or involves acetylcholine, a neurotransmitter in the nervous system.

Example: The drug works cholinergically to enhance memory function.

Definition: A type of enzyme that helps break down a chemical called acetylcholine, which is important for nerve function.

Example: Cholinesterase plays a crucial role in the nervous system by breaking down acetylcholine after it has transmitted a nerve signal.

Definition: A type of meteorite that contains small round particles called chondrules, which are formed from molten or partially molten material in space.

Example: Scientists study chondrites to learn more about the early solar system.