Exam: Cambridge English: C1 Advanced (CAE)

Definition: Relating to or resembling a type of painful skin infection that appears as a cluster of boils.

Example: The doctor diagnosed the patient with a carbuncular infection that required immediate treatment.

Definition: The process of adding carbon to a material, particularly steel, to improve its hardness and strength.

Example: The carburization of the steel made it much more durable for industrial use.

Definition: To treat or combine a material with carbon, often to strengthen it, especially in the process of hardening steel.

Example: The blacksmith decided to carburize the steel to improve its durability.

Definition: Relating to or associated with prisons or the prison system.

Example: The carceral system often faces criticism for its treatment of inmates.

Definition: A substance or agent that can cause cancer in living tissue.

Example: Asbestos is known to be a carcinogen that can lead to lung cancer.

Definition: The process by which normal cells transform into cancer cells.

Example: Research is ongoing to understand the mechanisms of carcinogenesis.

Definition: Causing or likely to cause cancer.

Example: Some chemicals are known to be carcinogenic and should be handled with care.

Definition: The quality or condition of causing cancer.

Example: The carcinogenicity of certain chemicals is a major concern for public health.

Definition: A small tumor that typically occurs in the digestive system and can produce hormones like serotonin.

Example: The doctor explained that the carcinoid was causing the patient's unusual symptoms.

Definition: A type of cancer that starts in the cells of the skin or in tissues that line or cover internal organs. It can spread to other parts of the body.

Example: The doctor diagnosed her with carcinoma after the biopsy results came back.