Exam: Cambridge English: C1 Advanced (CAE)

Definition: Having the ability to relax or soothe someone; often used to describe something that helps reduce anxiety or agitation.

Example: The calmative effects of the herbal tea helped her feel more relaxed before bed.

Definition: A substance that helps to calm or soothe, often used to reduce anxiety or agitation.

Example: The doctor prescribed a calmative to help her relax before the surgery.

Definition: A protein that binds calcium and helps control various cellular processes, including muscle contraction, by influencing the activity of certain enzymes that depend on calcium.

Example: Calmodulin plays a crucial role in muscle contraction by activating enzymes that respond to calcium levels.

Definition: A white or colorless compound made of mercury and chlorine, used in medicine and as an insecticide.

Example: The doctor prescribed calomel as a treatment for the patient's condition.

Definition: A device used to measure the amount of heat produced or absorbed during a chemical reaction or physical change.

Example: The scientist used a calorimeter to determine the heat of the reaction.

Definition: Relating to the measurement of heat or energy changes in physical and chemical processes.

Example: The calorimetric analysis showed a significant increase in energy release during the reaction.

Definition: The process of measuring the heat produced or absorbed during a chemical reaction or physical change.

Example: Calorimetry is essential in understanding how much energy is involved in chemical reactions.

Definition: A type of translation where a foreign word or phrase is translated literally into another language, often preserving the original structure.

Example: The term 'skyscraper' is a calque of the French 'gratte-ciel'.

Definition: A false accusation or a harmful statement made about someone to damage their reputation.

Example: The calumniation spread quickly, causing serious harm to her reputation.

Definition: A person who makes false and damaging statements about someone in order to harm their reputation.

Example: The calumniator spread lies about his former friend, damaging their reputation.

Definition: A false statement made to damage someone's reputation.

Example: The politician faced calumny from his opponents during the election campaign.