Exam: TOEFL

Definition: In a way that shows no warmth or friendliness; in an unfriendly or unemotional manner.

Example: She spoke coldly to him after their argument.

Definition: A group of insects known as beetles, characterized by their hard outer wings and diverse species.

Example: The coleoptera includes many species, such as ladybugs and fireflies.

Definition: Relating to a large order of insects known as beetles, which have hard forewings and are characterized by their chewing mouthparts.

Example: The coleopteran species in this region are known for their vibrant colors and diverse habitats.

Definition: A type of insect that belongs to the order Coleoptera, which includes beetles and is known for having hard front wings that protect their softer hind wings.

Example: The coleopteran species in the garden are essential for pollination.

Definition: Relating to the colon, which is part of the digestive system.

Example: The doctor explained that colic can cause severe abdominal pain.

Definition: A medical condition that causes severe abdominal pain or prolonged crying in infants, often due to spasms or blockages in the intestines.

Example: The baby suffered from colic, crying for hours without any apparent reason.

Definition: A type of protein made by certain bacteria that can kill other similar bacteria.

Example: Researchers are studying colicins to develop new antibiotics.

Definition: A type of antibiotic that is made by certain bacteria, especially those from the Escherichia coli group, and is used to kill or inhibit the growth of other bacteria.

Example: Colicine is effective against some strains of bacteria that are resistant to other antibiotics.

Definition: Relating to a group of bacteria that are usually found in the intestines of humans and animals, particularly those that can indicate contamination in water or food.

Example: The water was tested for coliform bacteria to ensure it was safe to drink.

Definition: A type of virus that specifically infects and replicates within the bacteria known as Escherichia coli.

Example: Researchers are studying coliphages to find new ways to combat bacterial infections.

Definition: A type of antibiotic made from a specific bacterium that helps treat infections caused by certain bacteria, especially in the digestive system.

Example: The doctor prescribed colistin to treat the patient's severe gastrointestinal infection.

Definition: Relating to or affected by inflammation of the colon.

Example: The patient was diagnosed with a colitic condition that required special dietary management.