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Exam: TOEFL

catalyst

IPA: /ˈkæt.əl.ɪst/

KK: /ˈkætəˌlɪst/

noun

Definition: A substance that helps a chemical reaction happen faster without being used up in the process, or something that causes a significant change or action to occur.

Example: The scientist added a catalyst to the reaction to speed it up.

catalytic

IPA: /ˌkætəˈlɪtɪk/

KK: /kætəˈlɪtɪk/

adjective

Definition: Relating to a process that causes a change or helps something to happen more quickly, especially in chemical reactions.

Example: The catalytic converter in cars helps reduce harmful emissions.

catalytically

IPA: /ˌkætəˈlɪtɪkli/

KK: /kætəˈlɪtɪkli/

adverb

Definition: In a way that causes or speeds up a chemical reaction without being consumed in the process.

Example: The enzyme works catalytically to accelerate the reaction.

catalyze

IPA: //ˈkætəlaɪz//

KK: /ˈkætəˌlaɪz/

transitive verb

Definition: To cause or accelerate a change or reaction, especially in a chemical process or in a broader context.

Example: The new policy is expected to catalyze improvements in public health.

catalyzer

IPA: /ˈkætəˌlaɪzər/

KK: /ˈkætəˌlaɪzər/

noun

Definition: A substance that increases the rate of a chemical reaction without being consumed in the process.

Example: The catalyzer helped speed up the reaction in the laboratory experiment.

catamenia

IPA: /ˌkætəˈmiːniə/

KK: /kætəˈmiːniə/

noun

Definition: The monthly discharge of blood and other substances from the uterus in women and female mammals, commonly known as menstruation.

Example: Many women experience various symptoms during their catamenia.

catamenial

IPA: /ˌkætəˈmiːniəl/

KK: /kætəˈmiːniəl/

adjective

Definition: This word describes something that is connected to the monthly menstrual cycle in women.

Example: The doctor explained the catamenial symptoms that can occur during menstruation.

cataphora

IPA: /kæˈtæfərə/

KK: /kæˈtæfərə/

noun

Definition: The use of a word, like a pronoun, that points to something mentioned later in a sentence.

Example: In the sentence 'Before he arrived, John was waiting', 'he' is an example of cataphora.

cataphoric

IPA: /kæˈtæfərɪk/

KK: /kæˈtæfərɪk/

adjective

Definition: Relating to a word or phrase that refers to something mentioned later in a sentence or text.

Example: In the sentence 'When he arrived, John was surprised', 'he' is a cataphoric reference to 'John'.

cataplexy

IPA: /ˈkætəˌplɛksi/

KK: /kætəˈplɛksi/

noun

Definition: A sudden loss of muscle control and strength, often triggered by strong emotions like laughter or surprise.

Example: During the funny movie, she experienced cataplexy and fell to the floor, unable to move for a moment.

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