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Exam: TOEFL

viceroyalty

IPA: //ˈvaɪsəˌrɔɪlti//

KK: /ˈvaɪsəˌrɔɪlti/

noun

Definition: A region or area that is ruled by a viceroy, who is a representative of a monarch.

Example: The viceroyalty was established to manage the colony more effectively.

viceroyship

IPA: /ˈvaɪsəˌrɔɪʃɪp/

KK: /ˈvaɪsərɔɪˌʃɪp/

noun

Definition: The position or office of a viceroy, who is a representative of a monarch in a colony or territory.

Example: The viceroyship was an important role during the colonial period, overseeing the administration of the territory.

vicinity

IPA: /vɪˈsɪnɪti/

KK: /vɪˈsɪnɪti/

noun

Definition: An area that is close to a particular place; the surrounding region or neighborhood.

Example: There are several parks in the vicinity of my house.

vicious

IPA: /ˈvɪʃəs/

KK: /ˈvɪʃəs/

adjective

Definition: Having a cruel or violent nature; likely to cause harm or suffering.

Example: The vicious dog barked loudly at anyone who approached its territory.

viciously

IPA: /ˈvɪʃəsli/

KK: /ˈvɪʃəsli/

adverb

Definition: In a cruel or violent way, often with the intention to harm or hurt someone.

Example: The dog barked viciously at the stranger approaching the house.

viciousness

IPA: /ˈvɪʃəsnəs/

KK: /ˈvɪʃəsnəs/

noun

Definition: The quality of being cruel or violent, often with the intention to harm others.

Example: The viciousness of the attack shocked everyone in the community.

victim

IPA: /ˈvɪk.tɪm/

KK: /ˈvɪktɪm/

noun

Definition: A person or living creature who suffers harm, injury, or loss, often due to the actions of others or unfortunate circumstances.

Example: The charity helps victims of natural disasters by providing food and shelter.

victimhood

IPA: /ˈvɪktɪmˌhʊd/

KK: /ˈvɪktɪmˌhʊd/

noun

Definition: The condition of feeling or being treated as a victim, often emphasizing the negative experiences or suffering one has endured.

Example: She often spoke about her experiences in a way that highlighted her sense of victimhood.

victimise

IPA: //vɪkˈtɪmaɪz//

KK: /vɪkˈtɪmaɪz/

verb

Definition: To make someone a victim by treating them unfairly or causing them harm.

Example: The bully tried to victimise the new student at school.

victimization

IPA: /ˌvɪk.tɪ.mɪˈzeɪ.ʃən/

KK: /ˌvɪk.tɪ.məˈzeɪ.ʃən/

noun

Definition: The act of treating someone unfairly or cruelly, often because they are seen as weak or helpless.

Example: The victimization of innocent people is a serious issue in society.

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