Exam: TOEFL

Definition: A chemical element that is highly reactive and poisonous, found in nature mainly in phosphates. It is important for life and is used in various products like fertilizers and safety matches.

Example: Phosphorus is essential for plant growth and is commonly used in fertilizers.

Definition: To add a phosphate group to a molecule, often in biological processes.

Example: Enzymes can phosphorylate proteins to regulate their activity.

Definition: The process of adding a phosphate group to a molecule, usually to activate or deactivate its function, often involving enzymes.

Example: Phosphorylation is a key step in many cellular processes, including metabolism and signal transduction.

Definition: A picture made using a camera, usually showing a person, place, or event.

Example: I took a photo of the sunset at the beach.

Definition: To take a picture using a camera.

Example: She decided to photo the beautiful sunset at the beach.

Definition: The changes or damage to the skin caused by long-term exposure to sunlight and ultraviolet radiation, leading to issues like wrinkles and discoloration.

Example: Many people use sunscreen to prevent photoaging and protect their skin from sun damage.

Definition: A type of organism that can make its own food using light energy and inorganic materials. Examples include green plants and certain bacteria that perform photosynthesis.

Example: Green plants are photoautotrophs because they use sunlight to create their own food.

Definition: The branch of science that studies how light affects living things and their biological processes.

Example: Photobiology helps us understand how plants use sunlight for photosynthesis.

Definition: Relating to the chemical processes that occur when light interacts with substances.

Example: The photochemical reactions in plants are essential for photosynthesis.

Definition: In a way that relates to the chemical reactions caused by light.

Example: The plants grow photochemically, using sunlight to convert carbon dioxide into oxygen.

Definition: A branch of science that studies how light affects chemical reactions and processes.

Example: Photochemistry plays a crucial role in understanding how plants convert sunlight into energy during photosynthesis.