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Exam: TOEFL

pharmacological

IPA: /ˌfɑːrməˈkɒlədʒɪkəl/

KK: /fɑrˌmækəˈlɑgɪkəl/

adjective

Definition: Relating to the study of drugs and their effects on the body.

Example: The pharmacological properties of the new medication were thoroughly tested before approval.

pharmacologist

IPA: //fɑːrˈmækəˌlɒdʒɪst//

KK: /fɑrˈmækəˌlɑdʒɪst/

noun

Definition: A person who studies or works in the field of drugs and their effects on the body.

Example: The pharmacologist conducted research to develop new medications.

pharmacology

IPA: /fɑːrˈmækəˌlɒdʒi/

KK: /fɑrˈmækəˌlɑdʒi/

noun

Definition: The study of drugs, including how they work, their effects on the body, and their medical uses.

Example: Pharmacology is essential for understanding how medications affect patients.

pharmacopeia

IPA: /ˌfɑːrməˈkoʊpiə/

KK: /fɑrˌmækəˈpiə/

noun

Definition: A book or publication that contains a list of medicinal drugs and their effects, uses, and standards for quality.

Example: The pharmacist referred to the pharmacopeia to check the proper dosage of the medication.

pharmacopeial

IPA: //fɑːrˌmækəˈpiːəl//

KK: /fɑrˌmækəˈpɪəl/

adjective

Definition: Related to a book or collection that contains a list of medicinal drugs and their effects.

Example: The pharmacopeial standards ensure the quality and safety of medications.

pharmacopoeia

IPA: /ˌfɑːrməˈkoʊpiə/

KK: /fɑrˌmækəˈpiə/

noun

Definition: A book that lists official medicinal drugs and provides information about how they are made and used.

Example: The pharmacist referred to the pharmacopoeia to check the correct dosage of the medication.

pharmacotherapy

IPA: /ˌfɑːrməkəˈθɛrəpi/

KK: /fɑrməˈkɒθəˌrɛpi/

noun

Definition: The use of medications to treat diseases or medical conditions.

Example: Pharmacotherapy is often the first line of treatment for many chronic illnesses.

pharmacy

IPA: /ˈfɑːrməsi/

KK: /ˈfɑr mə si/

noun

Definition: A shop or place where medicines and drugs are sold and prepared for patients.

Example: I need to go to the pharmacy to pick up my prescription.

pharming

IPA: //ˈfɑːrmɪŋ//

KK: /ˈfɑrmɪŋ/

noun

Definition: The process of creating medicines using plants or animals that have been changed through genetic engineering.

Example: Pharming is becoming an important method for producing new drugs.

pharyngeal

IPA: /fəˈrɪn.dʒi.əl/

KK: /fɛrɪnˈdʒiəl/

adjective

Definition: Related to the part of the throat behind the mouth and nasal cavity.

Example: The doctor examined the pharyngeal area to check for any signs of infection.

noun

Definition: A sound made in the throat area, specifically in the pharynx, which is part of the vocal tract.

Example: The teacher explained how to produce a pharyngeal sound in speech.

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