Exam: IELTS

Definition: Describing someone or something that supports changes or improvements in an organization or system, often through gradual adjustments rather than drastic changes.

Example: The reformist approach to education aims to improve the system step by step.

Definition: A person who supports or advocates for changes and improvements in a system, organization, or society, often through gradual reforms rather than radical changes.

Example: The reformist proposed new policies to improve education and healthcare in the community.

Definition: To create or express something in a new or different way.

Example: The scientist had to reformulate her hypothesis after the new data came in.

Definition: The process of creating or developing something again in a different way.

Example: The reformulation of the product improved its taste and nutritional value.

Definition: The process of strengthening or reinforcing a fort or defensive structure again after it has been weakened or damaged.

Example: The army planned a refortification of the old castle to prepare for potential attacks.

Definition: To change the direction of light or other waves when they pass through a medium, causing them to bend.

Example: The lens can refract light to focus it on the retina.

Definition: The bending of light or sound waves when they pass from one material to another, causing a change in direction.

Example: The refraction of light through a prism creates a rainbow effect.

Definition: Describing something that bends light or other waves when they pass through it.

Example: The refractive properties of the lens help to focus the light.

Definition: The process of measuring how much light bends when it passes through different materials, which helps to determine their refractive index.

Example: Refractometry is commonly used in laboratories to analyze the purity of substances.

Definition: To hold back or avoid doing something, especially something that one might want to do.

Example: She decided to refrain from commenting on the issue during the meeting.

Definition: A part of a song or poem that is repeated several times, usually at the end of each section.

Example: The chorus of the song includes a catchy refrain that everyone loves to sing along to.

Definition: To hold back or avoid doing something, especially something that one might want to do.

Example: She decided to refrain from commenting on the issue during the meeting.

Definition: To change the way something is viewed or understood by presenting it in a new way.

Example: She decided to reframe the problem to find a better solution.