Exam: IELTS

Definition: A type of online mailing list that sends emails to a group of subscribers at once.

Example: I joined a listserv to receive updates about the latest technology news.

Definition: A type of prayer or chant where a leader says a series of requests and the group responds in a set way. It can also refer to a long list of things, often repeated.

Example: The priest led the congregation in a litany during the service.

Definition: A unit of measurement for volume in the metric system, equivalent to one cubic decimeter, commonly used to measure liquids.

Example: The recipe calls for two liters of water.

Definition: The ability to read and write, as well as understanding and knowledge in a specific area.

Example: Improving literacy rates is essential for the development of a society.

Definition: Describing something that is true to its most basic meaning, without exaggeration or metaphor. It refers to the exact meaning of words as they are commonly understood.

Example: The literal meaning of the phrase was different from what she intended to convey.

Definition: A character or symbol that represents itself directly, without any additional meaning or function, often used in programming or writing.

Example: In programming, a dollar sign is used as a literal to represent the actual dollar sign character.

Definition: A strict adherence to the exact meaning of words or texts, without considering any metaphorical or symbolic interpretations.

Example: His literalism in interpreting the poem made it difficult for him to appreciate its deeper meanings.

Definition: A person who takes words in their most basic sense without metaphor or exaggeration, often focusing on the exact meaning of statements or texts.

Example: As a literalist, she interpreted the poem exactly as it was written, without looking for deeper meanings.

Definition: The state of being exact or true to the original meaning, without exaggeration or metaphor.

Example: The literality of her words made it clear that she was serious about the situation.

Definition: To make something literal, meaning to express it in a straightforward or exact way without metaphor or exaggeration.

Example: The author decided to literalize the metaphor in her poem to make it clearer for the readers.

Definition: In a way that is exactly true and not exaggerated; used to emphasize that something is real or actual.

Example: He was literally jumping for joy when he heard the news.