Exam: GRE (Verbal)

Definition: A type of translation where a foreign word or phrase is translated literally into another language, often preserving the original structure.

Example: The term 'skyscraper' is a calque of the French 'gratte-ciel'.

Definition: A type of translation where a word or phrase is translated literally into another language, often by using equivalent words from the source language.

Example: The term 'skyscraper' is a calquing of the French term 'gratte-ciel'.

Definition: To create a word or phrase in one language by directly translating the components of a word or phrase from another language.

Example: The term 'skyscraper' is a calquing of the French word 'gratte-ciel'.

Definition: To make false and harmful statements about someone, often to damage their reputation.

Example: He was calumniated by his rivals, who spread lies about his character.

Definition: A false accusation or a harmful statement made about someone to damage their reputation.

Example: The calumniation spread quickly, causing serious harm to her reputation.

Definition: A person who makes false and damaging statements about someone in order to harm their reputation.

Example: The calumniator spread lies about his former friend, damaging their reputation.

Definition: Describing something that is slanderous or harmful to someone's reputation.

Example: The calumnious remarks made by the politician damaged his opponent's reputation.

Definition: In a way that spreads false information about someone to damage their reputation.

Example: She spoke calumniously about her rival, trying to ruin his chances of winning the election.

Definition: A false statement made to damage someone's reputation.

Example: The politician faced calumny from his opponents during the election campaign.

Definition: A device that uses electromagnetic fields to separate isotopes based on their mass, commonly used in nuclear science.

Example: The scientists used a calutron to isolate the different isotopes of uranium for their experiments.

Definition: The upper part of the skull that forms a dome shape and protects the brain.

Example: The surgeon carefully examined the calvaria during the operation.