Exam: Cambridge English: C2 Proficiency (CPE)

Definition: Relating to the calculation of the quantities of reactants and products in chemical reactions, often expressed in simple whole number ratios.

Example: In a balanced chemical equation, the stoichiometric coefficients indicate the ratio of each substance involved in the reaction.

Definition: A philosophy that teaches the development of self-control and fortitude as a means to overcome destructive emotions. It emphasizes rationality and the importance of accepting things we cannot change.

Example: His stoicism in the face of adversity inspired everyone around him.

Definition: A small opening in the surface of a plant leaf that allows for gas exchange, particularly for the intake of carbon dioxide and the release of oxygen.

Example: The stomate on the leaf helps the plant breathe by allowing gases to enter and exit.

Definition: The quality of being very strict in moral or social standards, often to the point of being overly rigid or conservative.

Example: Her straitlacedness made it difficult for her to enjoy the more relaxed atmosphere of the party.

Definition: Relating to the ability to produce a sound by rubbing body parts together, often seen in certain insects.

Example: The stridulatory organs of the cricket create a distinctive sound during mating calls.

Definition: Describing a sound that is sharp and high-pitched, often unpleasant or grating.

Example: The stridulous noise of the old door creaking made everyone jump.

Definition: A type of fossilized structure made of layers formed by microorganisms, especially cyanobacteria, that trap and bind sediment over a long period.

Example: Stromatolites are some of the oldest evidence of life on Earth, dating back billions of years.

Definition: Relating to a type of layered rock formed by the activity of microorganisms, particularly cyanobacteria, which create structures known as stromatolites.

Example: The stromatolitic formations in the ancient ocean provide valuable insights into early life on Earth.

Definition: Relating to a theory that focuses on the structures that underlie all cultural phenomena, emphasizing the relationships between elements rather than the elements themselves.

Example: The structuralist approach in literature analysis reveals deeper meanings in the text.

Definition: A person who supports or believes in the theory of structuralism, which focuses on understanding the underlying structures in cultural phenomena.

Example: The structuralist analyzed the text to uncover its deeper meanings.

Definition: The act of causing someone to appear foolish or to lose enthusiasm and initiative.

Example: The constant criticism led to the stultification of his creativity.