Exam: Cambridge English: C2 Proficiency (CPE)

Definition: The way an organism reacts to the length of day and night, which affects its growth and behavior.

Example: Many plants use photoperiodism to determine when to flower based on the amount of daylight they receive.

Definition: Relating to the visible surface of a star, especially the sun, where light is emitted.

Example: The photospheric temperature of the sun is about 5,500 degrees Celsius.

Definition: The process by which green plants and some other organisms use light to make food from carbon dioxide and water, producing oxygen as a byproduct.

Example: Photosynthesis is essential for life on Earth as it provides oxygen and food for many organisms.

Definition: To carry out the process by which green plants and some other organisms use sunlight to make food from carbon dioxide and water.

Example: Plants can photosynthesize, turning sunlight into energy.

Definition: To create food using sunlight, water, and carbon dioxide, a process mainly done by plants.

Example: Plants can photosynthesize to produce their own food.

Definition: Relating to the movement of organisms in response to light.

Example: Certain insects are phototactic, moving towards light sources.

Definition: The way a plant or organism grows or moves in response to light, usually towards it.

Example: The sunflower exhibits phototropism by turning its head to follow the sun throughout the day.

Definition: Relating to the generation of electricity from light, especially sunlight, through the use of certain materials that produce voltage when exposed to radiant energy.

Example: The new building is equipped with photovoltaic panels to harness solar energy.

Definition: The technology that converts sunlight into electrical energy.

Example: Many homes are now using photovoltaics to generate their own electricity from the sun.

Definition: A structure in plant cells that helps create a new cell wall during cell division.

Example: During cell division, the phragmoplast plays a crucial role in forming the new cell wall between the two daughter cells.

Definition: The process of creating or forming phrases, often used in writing or speaking to express ideas clearly and effectively.

Example: The author is known for her skill in phrasemaking, which makes her writing engaging and memorable.