Exam: Cambridge English: C2 Proficiency (CPE)

Definition: Relating to a classification system that groups organisms based on observable similarities instead of their evolutionary history.

Example: The phenetic classification of species focuses on their physical traits rather than their genetic connections.

Definition: A large crystal that is found within a type of igneous rock called porphyry.

Example: The geologist pointed out the phenocrysts in the rock sample, noting their size and clarity.

Definition: A chemical compound that is used as an indicator in acid-base reactions, turning red in basic solutions and colorless in acidic solutions. It was also used in the past as a laxative but is now considered toxic for that purpose.

Example: In the chemistry lab, we used phenolphthalein to determine the pH of the solution.

Definition: A philosophical theory that suggests that knowledge is limited to what can be perceived through the senses, and that the true nature of things beyond perception is unknowable.

Example: Phenomenalism challenges the idea that we can know the existence of objects outside of our sensory experiences.

Definition: A person who believes in or supports the idea that only phenomena (things that can be observed) exist, and that objects do not exist independently of our perception of them.

Example: As a phenomenalist, she argued that our understanding of reality is shaped by our experiences and perceptions.

Definition: A person who studies or specializes in the philosophical approach that focuses on the structures of experience and consciousness.

Example: The phenomenologist explored how people perceive reality through their experiences.

Definition: A branch of philosophy that studies how people perceive and understand their experiences and consciousness.

Example: Phenomenology helps us explore how we experience the world around us.

Definition: Relating to the support or admiration of Greek culture, history, or people.

Example: The philhellenic movement in the 19th century aimed to promote Greek independence and culture.

Definition: A person who loves or supports Greek culture, history, or the Greek people, especially during their fight for independence.

Example: Many philhellenists contributed to the Greek War of Independence by raising funds and awareness.

Definition: Relating to the study of language, literature, and their historical development.

Example: The professor's research focused on philological studies of ancient texts.