Exam: Cambridge English: C1 Advanced (CAE)

Definition: Describing a compound that has had one or more hydrogen atoms replaced by a halogen element, such as fluorine, chlorine, bromine, or iodine.

Example: The chemist worked with halogenated compounds to create new materials.

Definition: To treat or combine a substance with a halogen, which is a group of elements that includes fluorine, chlorine, bromine, iodine, and astatine.

Example: The chemist halogenated the organic compound to improve its reactivity.

Definition: A chemical process where a halogen atom replaces a hydrogen atom in an organic compound.

Example: The halogenation of the compound resulted in a more reactive substance.

Definition: Describing certain compounds that look like salt, typically made of a metal combined with a negative element, mainly referring to chlorides, bromides, iodides, and sometimes fluorides and cyanides.

Example: The chemist studied the haloid compounds to understand their properties better.

Definition: Describing organisms that live and grow in very salty environments.

Example: Some types of bacteria are halophilic and can survive in salt lakes.

Definition: Having a hooked shape or form, often used in anatomical contexts to describe certain bones or structures.

Example: The hamate bone in the wrist is characterized by its hook-like projection.

Definition: A small bone in the wrist that has a hook shape and is located on the inner side of the hand. It helps connect muscles to the little finger.

Example: The hamate bone is important for the movement of the little finger.

Definition: Created or shaped using only hands, without the use of machines.

Example: The artisan displayed a beautiful handwrought vase at the gallery.

Definition: Someone who is unlucky or unfortunate, often experiencing bad luck or misfortune.

Example: The hapless traveler lost his luggage and missed his flight.

Definition: The state of being unfortunate or unlucky, often resulting in misfortune or bad luck.

Example: His haplessness in finding a job made him feel discouraged.

Definition: Referring to a cell or organism that has only one set of chromosomes, which is half the number found in most body cells.

Example: In many plants, the gametes are haploid, meaning they contain only one set of chromosomes.

Definition: A type of cell or organism that has only one set of chromosomes, which is half the usual number found in diploid cells.

Example: In many plants, the haploid stage is crucial for reproduction.

Definition: The condition of having a single set of chromosomes, which is typical in gametes (sex cells) of organisms.

Example: In many plants and animals, haploidy is important for reproduction as it allows for genetic diversity.