Exam: Cambridge English: C1 Advanced (CAE)

Definition: A person who tries to gain favor from someone important, often by flattering or being overly polite.

Example: The courtier was always trying to impress the king with his compliments.

Definition: The most polite and respectful in behavior or manner, often associated with formal or noble conduct.

Example: He was known for his courtliest manners at the royal banquet.

Definition: The quality of being polite and respectful, often associated with formal manners and behavior.

Example: His courtliness made everyone feel welcome at the event.

Definition: Having a refined and elegant manner, often associated with royalty or nobility.

Example: The courtly gentleman bowed deeply before the queen.

Definition: In a way that is elegant, polite, and respectful, often associated with the behavior of nobility or royalty.

Example: He spoke courtly, making everyone feel respected and valued.

Definition: Having good manners and sophistication; cultured and refined in behavior or appearance.

Example: She was known for her couth demeanor at social events, always impressing her guests with her elegance.

Definition: Refinement or sophistication in manners or behavior.

Example: Despite his rough appearance, he showed great couth at the formal dinner.

Definition: A type of chemical bond where atoms share pairs of electrons to achieve stability.

Example: Covalence is important in forming molecules like water and carbon dioxide.

Definition: The ability of an atom to form covalent bonds by sharing electrons with other atoms.

Example: The covalency of carbon allows it to bond with many different elements.

Definition: In a way that involves the sharing of electron pairs between atoms to form a chemical bond.

Example: The two atoms are bonded covalently, sharing electrons to achieve stability.

Definition: A statistical term that describes how two random variables change together. It shows whether increases in one variable tend to be associated with increases or decreases in another variable.

Example: In statistics, covariance is used to determine the relationship between two variables.

Definition: Describing something that changes in relation to another variable while maintaining a specific relationship between them.

Example: In physics, the equations are covariant, meaning they hold true under transformations of the coordinates.