Exam: Cambridge English: C1 Advanced (CAE)

Definition: An example that shows that a statement or theory is not true by providing a case where it does not apply.

Example: The mathematician provided a counterexample to prove that the theory was incorrect.

Definition: Relating to or expressing a situation that is contrary to the facts or reality, often used in discussions about hypothetical scenarios or alternate histories.

Example: The historian presented a counterfactual analysis of what might have happened if the war had ended differently.

Definition: A person who makes fake copies of something, usually money or documents, to deceive others.

Example: The police arrested the counterfeiter who was producing fake bills in his basement.

Definition: An ion that has a charge opposite to another ion in a solution or electrochemical system.

Example: In the solution, the sodium ions acted as counterions to the negatively charged chloride ions.

Definition: Relating to a substance that causes a mild irritation to relieve pain or discomfort in another area of the body.

Example: The doctor recommended a counterirritant cream to help soothe the pain in my muscles.

Definition: A substance that causes mild irritation or inflammation on the skin to help relieve pain or inflammation in deeper tissues.

Example: The doctor recommended a counterirritant to help ease the pain in my back.

Definition: A person who opposes changes or reforms, often in a political or religious context, and supports a return to previous practices or beliefs.

Example: The counterreformer argued against the new policies that aimed to modernize the education system.

Definition: To apply a dye or stain to a specimen in order to enhance contrast and make certain features more visible under a microscope.

Example: The scientist decided to counterstain the cells to better observe their structures.

Definition: A legal case that someone brings against another person who has already taken legal action against them.

Example: After being sued for breach of contract, the company decided to file a countersuit for damages.

Definition: Software that is specifically created for educational purposes, often used in classrooms to assist with teaching and learning.

Example: The teacher used interactive courseware to engage the students during the lesson.

Definition: The quality of being polite and respectful towards others.

Example: Her courteousness made everyone feel welcome at the event.