Exam: Cambridge English: C1 Advanced (CAE)

Definition: This word refers to something that has been mentioned or is related to something previously stated.

Example: The committee approved the proposal, and the details thereof will be discussed in the next meeting.

Definition: Up to that time or before that moment.

Example: The law was not enforced theretofore, leading to confusion among the citizens.

Definition: Immediately after something happens or as a result of it.

Example: She finished her report and thereupon submitted it to her manager.

Definition: A measurement of heat energy that is equal to 1,000 large calories or 100,000 British thermal units.

Example: The heating system uses a therm to measure the amount of heat produced.

Definition: The process of achieving a state where two or more objects have the same temperature through interaction.

Example: The thermalization of the gas occurred quickly as it came into contact with the cooler walls of the container.

Definition: To reduce the speed and energy of fast particles, especially in a nuclear reactor, by using a substance that slows them down, which helps improve the process of splitting atoms.

Example: The reactor was designed to thermalize neutrons to enhance the fission reaction.

Definition: Describing something that has been slowed down and had its energy reduced, often through the use of a substance that helps to moderate its movement.

Example: The particles were thermalized to ensure they interacted more effectively with the surrounding medium.

Definition: To convert something into a state where it is in thermal equilibrium, meaning it has reached a uniform temperature throughout.

Example: The gas was thermalized to ensure even temperature distribution before the experiment began.

Definition: A charged particle, like an electron, that is released from a material when it is heated to a high temperature.

Example: The thermions emitted from the heated metal were detected by the sensor.

Definition: Relating to the release of electrons from a heated material or electrode.

Example: The thermionic effect is essential in the operation of vacuum tubes.

Definition: The study of the physical processes involving the emission of electrons from heated materials.

Example: Thermionics plays a crucial role in the development of vacuum tubes and other electronic devices.