Exam: Cambridge English: C1 Advanced (CAE)

Definition: The quality of acting on impulse or without premeditation, often leading to natural and unplanned actions.

Example: Her spontaneity made every outing an exciting adventure.

Definition: Occurring naturally without being planned or forced; happening on its own.

Example: The spontaneous laughter of the children filled the room with joy.

Definition: The quality or state of acting on impulse or without premeditation; the ability to do things naturally and without planning.

Example: Her spontaneousness made every outing an exciting adventure.

Definition: A substance that is used to kill spores, which are often resistant forms of bacteria or fungi.

Example: The laboratory used a sporicide to ensure that all spores were eliminated from the equipment.

Definition: The process of producing or forming spores, which are reproductive cells that can develop into new organisms.

Example: Sporogenesis is essential for the reproduction of many fungi and plants.

Definition: The stage in a plant's life cycle that produces spores and is formed from a fertilized egg, leading to the next generation.

Example: The sporophyte of the fern is the dominant phase in its life cycle, producing spores for reproduction.

Definition: A type of polymer that forms the protective outer layer of spores and pollen grains, helping them survive in harsh conditions.

Example: Sporopollenin is essential for the durability of pollen grains during their transport through the air.

Definition: A type of tiny organism that lives inside other animals and can cause diseases. These organisms reproduce in complex ways, often using spores, and are usually spread by insects that bite.

Example: The doctor explained that sporozoans can lead to serious illnesses like malaria.

Definition: A tiny, undeveloped form of certain parasites that is produced when a zygote or spore divides. It is the stage just before the parasite infects a new host cell.

Example: The sporozoite is the first stage of the parasite's life cycle, ready to invade a new host.

Definition: To produce or release tiny reproductive cells called spores.

Example: Certain fungi can sporulate under the right environmental conditions.