Exam: Cambridge English: C1 Advanced (CAE)

Definition: The state of having lost something important or not having enough of the basic things needed for life.

Example: Many people suffer from privation during times of war or natural disasters.

Definition: Describing something that causes a lack or absence of a quality or characteristic.

Example: In grammar, a privative term changes the meaning of a word to indicate the absence of something.

Definition: A term used in grammar to describe a prefix or suffix that indicates absence or negation, such as 'un-' or 'non-'.

Example: In the word 'unhappy', 'un-' is a privative that negates the meaning of 'happy'.

Definition: In a way that indicates the absence or negation of something.

Example: The term is used privatively to describe what is not present in the situation.

Definition: A special advantage or right that is given to a person or group, allowing them to have benefits that others do not.

Example: Having access to the best education is a privilege that not everyone enjoys.

Definition: To give someone a special right or advantage that others do not have.

Example: The company decided to privilege its loyal customers with exclusive discounts.

Definition: Belonging to a special group that has advantages or benefits that others do not have.

Example: She grew up in a privileged family that could afford to send her to the best schools.

Definition: A group of people who have special rights or advantages that others do not have.

Example: The privileged often have access to better education and healthcare.

Definition: Relating to something private or secret, often involving personal knowledge that is not shared with others.

Example: She was privy to the details of the confidential meeting.

Definition: A small building or structure used as a toilet, often found outdoors, or a term used in law to refer to someone with a legal interest in a matter.

Example: The old privy in the backyard was no longer in use.

Definition: The belief that probability can be used as a basis for making decisions and forming beliefs, especially when certainty is not possible.

Example: In philosophy, probabilism suggests that we can act based on what is likely to happen rather than what is certain.

Definition: A person who studies or works with the mathematical concept of probability, often analyzing the likelihood of different outcomes.

Example: The probabilist used complex formulas to predict the chances of winning the lottery.

Definition: Relating to the likelihood or chance of something happening, often used in contexts involving statistics or uncertainty.

Example: The probabilistic model helps us understand the chances of different outcomes in the experiment.

Definition: A person who has a specific condition or disorder and is the first one studied in research, especially in genetics.

Example: The proband in the genetic study helped researchers understand the hereditary nature of the disease.