Definition: A theoretical particle that is thought to be responsible for holding quarks together in atomic nuclei, playing a key role in the strong force of nature.

Example: In particle physics, gluons are essential for understanding how quarks interact within protons and neutrons.

Definition: A chemical compound that is a salt or ester of glutamic acid, often acting as a neurotransmitter in the brain.

Example: Glutamate plays a key role in sending signals in the brain and is important for learning and memory.

Definition: A type of enzyme that helps change glutamine into glutamic acid and ammonia, which are important substances in the body.

Example: Glutaminase plays a crucial role in the metabolism of amino acids.

Definition: A type of amino acid that is found in many proteins and is important for various functions in the body, including supporting the immune system and helping with muscle recovery.

Example: Athletes often take supplements that contain glutamine to help with muscle recovery after intense workouts.

Definition: A clear, oily liquid that dissolves in water and has two aldehyde groups. It is used for tanning leather and preserving biological tissues.

Example: Glutaraldehyde is often used in laboratories to fix biological samples for examination.

Definition: A substance made of three amino acids that is found in many living things and helps with important chemical reactions in the body.

Example: Glutathione is often referred to as the body's master antioxidant because it helps protect cells from damage.

Definition: A type of protein found in wheat that is one of the components of gluten, along with gliadin.

Example: Glutelin is an important protein in wheat that contributes to its baking qualities.

Definition: A type of medication used to help people sleep or relax, which is not a barbiturate and has similar effects to them.

Example: The doctor prescribed glutethimide to help the patient with severe insomnia.

Definition: A type of carbohydrate made up of sugar molecules, often found in proteins and fats, that plays a role in biological processes.

Example: Glycans are important for cell recognition and signaling in the body.

Definition: The amount of sugar, specifically glucose, present in the blood.

Example: Doctors often check a patient's glycemia to monitor their blood sugar levels.