Exam: TOEFL

Definition: The process of transferring multiple genes at the same time, particularly in bacteria, where two or more genetic markers are involved.

Example: Cotransduction can be used to study the genetic linkage between different traits in bacteria.

Definition: A part of a seed that develops into the first leaf or leaves of a plant embryo, which can either stay in the seed or grow and become green after germination.

Example: The cotyledon provides essential nutrients to the developing plant before it can produce its own leaves.

Definition: A sudden, forceful release of air from the lungs, often accompanied by a sound, usually to clear the throat or lungs.

Example: He had a persistent cough that lasted for weeks.

Definition: To force air out of the lungs suddenly with a sharp sound, often to clear the throat or lungs.

Example: He had to cough several times during the meeting because of the dust in the air.

Definition: The act of forcing air out of the lungs suddenly, often to clear the throat or because of irritation.

Example: His constant coughing made it hard for others to concentrate in the meeting.

Definition: The action of forcing air out of the lungs suddenly, often to clear the throat or because of irritation.

Example: She was coughing because of the cold air outside.

Definition: This word is used to express ability or permission in the past, show politeness, or indicate a hypothetical situation.

Example: I could help you with your homework if you want.

Definition: A fragrant compound that can be found in certain plants or made artificially, often used in perfumes and some medicines.

Example: The perfume contained a hint of coumarin, giving it a sweet, hay-like scent.

Definition: Not a valid English word.

Example: Not available.

Definition: A group of people who are chosen or appointed to make decisions, give advice, or manage certain activities.

Example: The city council will meet next week to discuss the new park project.

Definition: A person who is a member of a council, helping to make decisions and govern a community or organization.

Example: The councillor proposed a new plan to improve the local park.

Definition: The role or position of being a member of a council, which is a group of people who make decisions or give advice on specific issues.

Example: She was elected to the councillorship after a competitive election.

Definition: A man who is part of a group that makes decisions for a local government, like a city or town.

Example: The councilman proposed a new plan to improve the city's parks.