Exam: TOEFL

Definition: A false accusation or a harmful statement made about someone to damage their reputation.

Example: The calumniation spread quickly, causing serious harm to her reputation.

Definition: Describing something that is slanderous or harmful to someone's reputation.

Example: The calumnious remarks made by the politician damaged his opponent's reputation.

Definition: A false statement made to damage someone's reputation.

Example: The politician faced calumny from his opponents during the election campaign.

Definition: The upper part of the skull that forms a dome shape and protects the brain.

Example: The surgeon carefully examined the calvaria during the operation.

Definition: The upper part of the skull that covers the brain, excluding the face and jaw.

Example: The surgeon carefully examined the calvarium during the operation.

Definition: A feeling of friendship and connection among a group of people, often shared through enjoyable experiences together.

Example: The team developed a strong camaraderie during their training sessions.

Definition: A layer of tissue in plants that produces new cells and helps the plant grow thicker over time.

Example: The cambium is essential for the growth of trees, allowing them to increase in diameter each year.

Definition: A small, portable device that can record video and sound, often used for making home movies or capturing events.

Example: She used her camcorder to film the family reunion.

Definition: The act of recording video and audio using a camcorder, often associated with capturing events or performances.

Example: He spent the afternoon camcording his daughter's school play.

Definition: A person who uses a camera to record video or take photographs, especially for movies or television.

Example: The cameraman captured stunning footage of the wildlife documentary.