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Exam: TOEFL

vulgarism

IPA: /ˈvʌlɡəˌrɪzəm/

KK: /ˈvʌlɡərɪzəm/

noun

Definition: A crude or offensive word or phrase that is considered indecent or inappropriate.

Example: He used a vulgarism that shocked everyone in the room.

vulgarity

IPA: //vʌlˈɡɛrɪti//

KK: /vʌlˈɡɛrɪti/

noun

Definition: A word or action that is considered rude, offensive, or lacking in good taste.

Example: The comedian's performance was filled with vulgarity, which some audience members found inappropriate.

vulgarization

IPA: //ˌvʌlɡəraɪˈzeɪʃən//

KK: /vʌlɡərɪˈzeɪʃən/

noun

Definition: The process of making something more common or less sophisticated, often by simplifying or lowering its quality.

Example: The vulgarization of art can sometimes lead to a loss of its original meaning and depth.

vulgarize

IPA: /ˈvʌlɡəraɪz/

KK: /ˈvʌlɡəraɪz/

transitive verb

Definition: To make something more common or less refined, often by simplifying or lowering its quality.

Example: The author decided to vulgarize his complex ideas to reach a wider audience.

vulnerability

IPA: /ˌvʌlnəˈrɛbɪlɪti/

KK: /vʌlnərəbɪlɪti/

noun

Definition: A state of being open to harm or attack, often due to a lack of protection or strength.

Example: The company's cybersecurity vulnerability was exposed after the recent hack.

vulnerable

IPA: /ˈvʌlnərəbl/

KK: /ˈvʌlnərəbl/

adjective

Definition: Able to be easily harmed or hurt, either physically or emotionally.

Example: After the storm, many homes were left vulnerable to further damage.

vulnerableness

IPA: /ˈvʌlnərəblnəs/

KK: /ˈvʌlnərəblnəs/

noun

Definition: The quality of being open to harm, damage, or attack; the state of being weak or exposed.

Example: The vulnerableness of the community to natural disasters highlighted the need for better preparedness.

vulnerably

IPA: /ˈvʌlnərəblɪ/

KK: /ˈvʌlnərəbli/

adverb

Definition: In a way that exposes someone or something to the possibility of being harmed or attacked.

Example: She spoke vulnerably about her feelings during the meeting.

vulnerary

IPA: /ˈvʌlnəˌrɛri/

KK: /ˈvʌlnəˌrɛri/

adjective

Definition: Relating to the healing or treatment of wounds.

Example: The vulnerary properties of the herb made it a popular choice for natural remedies.

noun

Definition: A type of remedy that helps heal or treat wounds.

Example: The herbal ointment served as a vulnerary for the soldier's injuries.

vulvovaginitis

IPA: //ˌvʌlvoʊvædʒɪˈnaɪtɪs//

KK: /vʌlvoʊvædʒɪˈnaɪtɪs/

noun

Definition: A medical condition characterized by inflammation of the external female genitalia and the vagina.

Example: The doctor diagnosed her with vulvovaginitis after she reported discomfort and irritation.

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