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Exam: TOEFL

topographically

IPA: /təˈpɒɡrəfɪkli/

KK: /tɑpəˈgræfɪkli/

adverb

Definition: In a way that relates to the physical features of a place, such as its landforms and terrain.

Example: The map shows the area topographically, highlighting the mountains and valleys.

topography

IPA: /təˈpɒɡrəfi/

KK: /təˈpɒɡrəfi/

noun

Definition: The arrangement and features of the land in a specific area, including its shape, elevation, and natural formations.

Example: The topography of the mountain region makes it a popular destination for hikers.

toponym

IPA: /ˈtɒpənɪm/

KK: /ˈtɑpəˌnɪm/

noun

Definition: A name that comes from a specific place or location.

Example: The word 'Chicago' is a toponym that refers to a city in the United States.

toponymic

IPA: /təˈpɒnɪmɪk/

KK: /tɑːˈpɒnɪmɪk/

adjective

Definition: Relating to the name of a place or geographical location.

Example: The toponymic study of the region revealed interesting historical insights.

toponymy

IPA: /təˈpɒnɪmi/

KK: /tɑˈpɒnəmi/

noun

Definition: The study of place names and their origins, or the names of specific locations in a particular area or language.

Example: Toponymy helps us understand the history and culture of a place through its names.

topping

IPA: /ˈtɒpɪŋ/

KK: /ˈtɑpɪŋ/

adjective

Definition: The best or highest quality; something that is first-rate or excellent.

Example: The topping on the cake was truly exceptional, making it the best dessert at the party.

noun

Definition: A layer or substance that is placed on top of food to add flavor or decoration.

Example: I like to add chocolate syrup as a topping on my ice cream.

topple

IPA: /ˈtɒpəl/

KK: /ˈtɑpəl/

intransitive verb

Definition: To lean or fall over, often suddenly or unexpectedly.

Example: The statue began to topple in the strong wind.

transitive verb

Definition: To cause something to fall over or to be overthrown.

Example: The strong wind was enough to topple the old tree.

torch

IPA: /tɔːrtʃ/

KK: /tɔrtʃ/

noun

Definition: A portable device that produces light, often using a flame or battery, used for illumination in dark places.

Example: He used a torch to find his way through the dark cave.

transitive verb

Definition: To cause something to burn or catch fire quickly and intensely.

Example: He torched the old papers in the fireplace.

torment

IPA: /ˈtɔːr.mɛnt/

KK: /ˈtɔrˌmɛnt/

noun

Definition: A state of severe physical or mental suffering that causes great distress or pain.

Example: The memories of the accident were a constant torment for her.

transitive verb

Definition: To cause someone to experience severe physical or mental suffering.

Example: The loud noises from the construction site began to torment the residents.

tormentor

IPA: /tɔːrˈmɛntər/

KK: /tɔrˈmɛntər/

noun

Definition: A person or thing that causes great suffering or distress to others.

Example: The bully was a tormentor to many students at the school.

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